我国转型时期政府经济职能转换问题研究

中文摘要

我国市场经济的历史起点与西方市场经济国家不同，它是在政府推动下，由传统计划经济改革而来。因此，计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转型，要求政府经济职能的相应转变。而这种转变并不是政府经济职能的简单弱化，而是对原有的、严重错位的政府经济职能的重构和再造，是新的市场取向型政府经济职能的定位和建构，也就是说，研究、探讨政府经济职能转变，是当前和今后相当长的时间内都需要进行的一个重要理论课题。

政府的经济职能是指政府所承担的组织和管理社会经济建设的功能，它是经济运行本身内生出来的对政府的要求。在现代市场经济国家，政府的经济职能一般有:建立市场规则，维持经济秩序；进行宏观调控，保持宏观经济的稳定；组织与实现公共产品的供给；进行收入再分配，缓解收入分配不公。市场经济的顺利发展离不开政府经济职能作用的发挥，但是在不同的历史发展时期或者不同的国家政府经济职能的内容并不完全相同。市场化进程中政府角色经历了“守夜人”—“干预者”—“混合型”政府职能模式的变迁，随着经济的发展政府经济职能有不断拓展的趋势。

    本文运用比较分析、实证分析和历史分析等分析法，在借鉴国际经验的基础上，结合我国转轨时期市场经济体制的发育情况和面临的特殊国情，首先界定了转型时期我国政府的经济职能。通过对转型时期我国政府经济职能的作用分析，考虑到经济全球化和我国经济体制改革的现实，阐明了我国转型时期经济的特征，并在此基础上，针对我国当前政府经济职能存在的问题和对市场经济运行产生的不良影响，作者提出了自己对我国政府经济职能转变的基本思路。

关键字: 政府职能 经济职能 转型期 转换

Abstract

The historical beginning of our country's market economy is different from the West’s； it comes by the traditional planned economy reform under the government impetus. Therefore, the transformation from the planned economy system to the socialist market economy system, requests the government economical function to transform accordingly. The research and the discussion about the transformation of government economical function is an important theory topic in current and the future from now on.

Government's economic function refers to the role of government in organization and management of social economic construction the demand for government is derived from economic operation of itself. In modern market economy country, the economic function of government generally includes establishment of market regulations, maintenance of economic order, macro coordination and control, stabilization of macro economy, organization and realization of public product supply, redistribution of income and relief of unfair income distribution.  The favorable development of market economy can hardly do without government's economic function, whose contents aren't similar fully at different historic stages or in different countries. In the development of marketing economy, the role of government undergoes the pattern transition of "night watchman”—intervener—mixed type. With economic development, government’s economic function tends to continuous development.

BY historical some analytical methods like comparative analysis, demonstration analysis and analysis, this paper firstly determinates the economic function of our government in regulatory transition period, basing on reference of international experiences and combining our imperfect market system in regulatory transition period. Though the analysis of malpractice of planned economy, it explains the necessity and feasibility of transition of our government’s current economic function in consideration of the reality of economic globalization and our economic system reform. On the base of the investigation of transitional course of our government's economic function, the author raises own basic idea to transform our government's economic functions in view of the malpractice of our government's economic function and untoward effect of marketing operation.

Keywords: Government Function；Economic Function；transformation period；Transfer